X – Virtually Islamic News

Wed 1 Safar 1448AH 15-7-2026AD
Twitter, X

How Twitter Changed

I recall the earlier days of Twitter with some nostalgia. Now I am reluctant to use it (for multiple reasons). Should I return to proactive use?

Thu 26 Rajab 1447AH 15-1-2026AD
Artificial Intelligence, Elon Musk, Grok, Indonesia, Indonesia Internet, Malaysia, Malaysia Internet, X

Grok Image Creation Issues (updated)

Multiple Islamic issues surround Grok and its ‘appropriate‘ use. I’ve not used Grok myself (no plans to either): [image or embed] — Gary R. Bunt (@garyrbunt.bsky.social) 15 January 2026...

Sat 17 Jumada Al Oula 1447AH 8-11-2025AD
Elon Musk, Far-right, Research, X

X Analysis

Important work here from Sky News and its team: Important work and findings from @skynewsrss.bsky.social with methodological details...

Mon 14 Rabi Al Thani 1447AH 6-10-2025AD
Artificial Intelligence, Disinformation, Sudan, Sudan internet, UAE, UAE Digital

Currently reading: Marc Owen Jones, Dysinfluence, Substack, Nobody Talks Like This: Meet 50 AI-Powered Propaganda Accounts in Sudan’s Social Media War, 6 Oct 2025. “How 50 AI-generated accounts are...

Wed 16 Dhul Qidah 1446AH 14-5-2025AD
Bahrain, Bahrain Internet, Censorship, Cyber Security, Human Rights, prosecutions, Research, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia Internet, Surveillance, UAE, UAE Digital

Digital Research Methodology Issues

An important article by Marc Owen Jones for all those working in digital zones. Marc Owen Jones; Lessons from the Digital Coalface in the Post-Truth Age: Researching the Middle...

Tue 15 Dhul Qidah 1446AH 13-5-2025AD
Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia Internet

Ahmed al-Doush Case

"A British man jailed for 10 years in Saudi Arabia, reportedly over a tweet he wrote seven years ago, has done nothing wrong and is being failed by the...

Sat 14 Shawwal 1446AH 12-4-2025AD
Research

KSA X Advertising

Even before Musk, Twitter enabled MBS’s crackdown—used by the Saudi regime to track dissidents and push propaganda. Under Musk, X didn’t just become a right-wing playground—it became a full-blown...

Wed 5 Ramadan 1446AH 5-3-2025AD
Artificial Intelligence, chatbots, Elon Musk, Relationships, Sexuality, X

Chatbot’s potential impact

Grok 3 (+) under discussion in Metro: Jen Mills, Metro, Elon Musk’s chatbot which has phone sex with users ‘will hit global birth rates’, 4 Mar 2025 “An AI...

Tue 3 Jumada Al Oula 1446AH 5-11-2024AD
Research, X

X Embed Issue

There is an embed issue with X, which means that embedded content posted here only appears as a URL. I am trying to fix this, but in the meantime,...

Mon 2 Muharram 1446AH 8-7-2024AD
Afghanistan, Afghanistan Internet, Taliban, X

Taliban, Mujahid and X

Islamic Algorithms – book cover

Gary R. Bunt, Islamic Algorithms: Online Influence in the Muslim Metaverse (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2024)

Explore the book

Paperback, hardback and ebook editions are available now.

Amazon.com

Amazon.co.uk

Prof. Gary R. Bunt, 2026

Comments

“Gary Bunt’s Islamic Algorithms explores the dynamic relationship between technology shifts and the evolving engagement of Muslims online. Bunt emphasises the unchanging core of Islam, adapting its expression to developing technology. A testament to Bunt’s brilliance in the ever-changing Cyber Islamic Environments, this is a must-read for those interested in Islamic studies, digital Islam and Muslim metaverses.” ―Eva Nisa, Senior Lecturer of Anthropology, The Australian National University, Australia

“A timely and insightful exploration, the book offers a concise yet comprehensive glimpse into the evolving landscape of Cyber Islamic Environments. From the serene halls of Jakarta’s Istiqlal Mosque to the potential realms of Muslim metaverses, this book takes readers on a journey to unveil the dynamic relationship between Islam and technology. In a world where smartphones guide prayers and iPads connect elders in study groups, Bunt shares a compelling and timely perspective on the evolving relationship between Islam, technology and the digital age.” ―Umar Ryad, Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Leuven, Belgium

Bibliography and Glossary

Review by Michael Dhanoya (University of Leicester) in LSE Blogs

“Islamic Algorithms is a great contribution to the topic of Digital Religion …”

Review in The Muslim World‘ by Dr Akif Tahiiev of Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main

‘Gary R. Bunts Islamic Algorithms liefert detaillierte Einblicke in die digitalen Räume von AkteurInnen, die sich auf unterschiedliche Weise auf den Islam “

“Gary R. Bunt’s Islamic Algorithms provides detailed insights into the digital spaces of actors who relate to Islam in various ways.*

* Google Translation

Margareta Wetchy, Gary R. Bunts Islamic Algorithms unter der Lupe, Machine Against the Rage

“Overall, Islamic Algorithms: Online Influence in the Muslim Metaverse is crucial to contemporary Islamic studies. The book is highly recommended for researchers, academics, and practitioners interested in the interaction between
technology and religion.” Reza Adeputra Tohis and Zulkifli Mansyur, Religion & Theology, 32 (2025): Issue 1-2 (Jun 2025) [PDF]

” … Bunt’s volume is an important step forward in understanding the importance of digital discourse to contemporary Islamic traditions and Muslim communities.” James Riggan, Reading Religion (American Academy of Religion)

“Islamic Algorithms provides a timely and thoughtful examination of how Islam, algorithms, and digital culture intersect. It is a valuable resource for scholars and researchers interested in digital presence of Islam, and digital culture both in theory and practice.” Mohamed Taher, Middle Eastern Librarians Association

Book cover: Dijital Dünyada Müslüman Olmak: Mecra, Kimlik ve Otorite‘

Gary R. Bunt’s chapter ‘Şeyh Google’dan Yapay Zekâ İmama Mı?: Müslüman Dijital Mecralarda İslami Etki ve Otoritenin Dönüşümü‘?‘ (trans. Necmiye Durmuş) is available in ‘Dijital Dünyada Müslüman Olmak: Mecra, Kimlik ve Otorite‘ edited by Mehmet Ali Başak (Eskiyeni). The original version was in

Scharia im Wandel edited by Mahmud El-Wereny and Alexander-Kenneth Nagel. (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2024).

Available from:

AI ‘Fake Journalism‘ Fri 28 Rabi Al Thani 1448AH 9-10-2026AD

Starlink Test Implications Fri 28 Rabi Al Thani 1448AH 9-10-2026AD

Virtually Islamic on Substack Fri 28 Rabi Al Thani 1448AH 9-10-2026AD

Iran AI Fri 28 Rabi Al Thani 1448AH 9-10-2026AD

Indonesia Online Gambling Thu 27 Rabi Al Thani 1448AH 8-10-2026AD

Scharia im Wandel book cover. Showing figures reading, a stack of books, and the background of a minaret and mosque dome.

My chapter, “From Sheikh Google to ImamAI? Evolving Islamic Influence and Authority in Muslim Digital Worlds,” is published in “Scharia im Wandel. Beiträge zur Transformation islamischer Autorität im Spannungsfeld von Kodifikation, Migration und Digitalisierung,” edited by Mahmud El-Wereny and Alexander-Kenneth Nagel. (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2024). Studies on Islamic Cultural and Intellectual History, Noorhaidi Hasan et al.

The book is the result of a 2022 conference at Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.

A Turkish version of the chapter is in preparation for publication in 2026.

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